Builderz Focus

INTRODUCTION One of the important components of the building especially for those with more than one floor levels or building constructed at height is stairs . Stairs are building components which allow building users or households to move from one floor level to the other, so it is connector or communication path between floors or levels. Stairs are composed with series of steps at certain inclination angle to allow vertical movements inside and outside the building. Types of Stairs   Stairs can be classified into number of types as depending on its architectural design inside the building, the followings are some types of stairs that can be found in different buildings. Main parts of stairs . The following are standard requirements for each stair component, so as to have comfort and serviceable stair. Landing , this is horizontal slab between two or more  flights, which  is used as resting or changing in direction point. Riser , t is the vertical portion of step, where for comforta

  INTRODUCTION Hardened concrete as the artificial hard rock that could be designed or made with certain desired shape from casted fresh concrete, has some weaknesses that make it alone unfit for major structures which are the following ·        Have little or negligible strength against tension ·    Brittle property (not ductile), which makes it susceptible to cracking on loading When we design different major structures, there are two important criteria that are put into consideration    Safety of the structure against failure, the structure should be able to carry desired loads for intended period of time.   Serviceability or functional of the structure, where by the structure should neither deflect in extent that it affects comfort ability of users nor lead to detaching or breaking of attached materials such as tiles of curtain walls. Introduction of reinforcements which are ductile or elastic material into concrete, produce reliable composite material against crac

INTRODUCTION Soil natural found material from weathering processes of different rocks, soil in construction industry can be used as construction material or natural foundation for different structure erected on it. Soil compaction is most popular and important construction process that is must be performed when working with road layers, embankments and structural beds. Compaction of a road layer using steel roller Compaction of soil is the mechanical process on soil, that is applied to increase density of soil by reducing void spaces between soil particles, compaction as mechanical process can occur either naturally or artificially, naturally this can be seen in soil formation process. There are three things that need be present so that compaction can occur, which are water (lubricant), air voids and compactive effort. Water as the lubricant reduce friction resistance (shear strength) between soil particles, that allow soil particles to be driven or moved into air voids during compacti