Builderz Focus

In construction projects, there is erection of different structural and non structural members (components) to their adequate position to form a required structure. The positioning of structure components into their accurate and precise position is done by through surveying by considering both vertical and horizontal references. In either vertical or horizontal referencing there is either linear measurement or angular measurement sometimes both. Linear measurement in surveying refers to horizontal or vertical measurement of linear distances on earth’s surface so as to allocate different features either man made or natural.   Units conversions in linear measurements   In linear measurements, there are two most preferable, acceptable and used systems of measurement which are metric and imperial system of measurements. The two systems units can be converted as follows. Conversion of distance measuring units Instruments used for linear measurement Various instruments are used with differen

Moisture Content of soil defines amount of water present in soil expressed in percentage of dry mass of soil, this amount of water is assumed to be within pore space between soil grains. Determination of moisture content  This is the laboratory test which is carried by the following methodology Required Equipments Drying oven with temperature 105°c up to 110°c. Metal container. Balance readable up to 0.1g Test Procedures Clean and dry container should be weighted nearest to 0.1g as mass A. Median grain soil sample not less than 300g should be placed in container. Container with wet soil sample shall be weighted as mass B. Container with wet soil sample inside is placed in oven to dry at 105°c for not less than 12 hours. Drying Soil samples inside oven Dried sample is removed from oven and weighted as mass C. The test should be repeated for not less than 3 sample so as to get average moisture content. Measurement of dried soil samples. Calculation and Report Important of determinin

Objective of the test This is in situ test which is used to determine the degree of compaction of the road layers (lower layers) such as  subgrade, subbase layers or any compacted fill such as embarkment or backfill. In situ activities help to determine bulk density of compacted material of road layer, accompanied with moisture determination at laboratory, both results used in dry density calculation. Main Principles Clean, graded and dry sand of known density is used in volume determination of excavated hole. Equipment and Materials required Sand cone apparatus Weight balance readable to 1g Density plates Scoop Moisture container Digging tools Dry sand of known density Brush Test procedures The locations to be tested are selected systematically or randomly as desired or proposed by engineer. Weigh calibrated sand cone apparatus full of dry sand of known density as W1. Weighing calibrated sand cone apparatus full of sand Seat tightly density plate on levelled and clear test g