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  Reactions as what support offers to restrain structure to its position, when subjected to loadings. As the degree of indeterminacy of determinate structure n= 0, this means the reactions or forces are balancing each other with no extra reaction (structure is in equilibrium). Due to balancing reactions, the reactions can easily be determined by using three equilibrium equations for the plane structure, which are the following The magnitude and direction of support reactions in determinate structure can easily determined by adhering the following procedures ·          Drawing free body diagram FBD ·          Check for determinacy ·          Applying equilibrium equations Example 1 Determine support reactions of the structure below Solution The first step is to draw free body diagram, this diagram show the directions (proposed) and position of forces and reactions, so they can easily analyzed. The support A provide two reactions A x     and A y as at point A we

Everyday construction activities are done for erection of different structures, the erected structures should be designed so they can be safe and serviceable for desired lifetime. One of the important stages in designing structures so that they can be safe and serviceable is structural analysis. Structural analysis is an integral part of structural design which deals with determining the stresses and resistance of structure to the loading. In analysis loads or stresses can be classified as external loads and internal loads, where by external loads(stresses) comprises of applied loads and reactions while internal   loads comprises of resultant forces, axial forces, shear forces and bending moment. Reactions and supports Support is any structural member that is provided to carry or provide support to a loading. Reactions are   what the support offer as resistance when subjects to loading, so these are forces offered by supports to restrain the structure. Reactions are alw

  LOADS ESTIMATION In construction industry, structures such as dams, buildings, Retain walls, roads, railways and bridges are constructed to carry or support loads. So in any construction, the magnitude of the loads expected must be pre-determined, loads that structures are subjected to can be classified with accordance to their sources as dead loads, live loads and environmental loads. Dead loads are loads from structural members of the structure and other materials or finishes attached to it. Live loads these are loads generated due to the use of the structure such as people, imported furniture, machine and vehicles. Environmental loads theses are loads from surroundings around the structure such as wind, snow and earthquakes Different loads types have different way to measure or estimate its magnitude, loads that structures carry from structural members which can be expressed as point load (Newton, N) or distributed load (Newton /meter, N/m) can be calculated as shown