INTRODUCTION LOADS ESTIMATION...PART ONE

-

 

LOADS ESTIMATION



In construction industry, structures such as dams, buildings, Retain walls, roads, railways and bridges are constructed to carry or support loads.

So in any construction, the magnitude of the loads expected must be pre-determined, loads that structures are subjected to can be classified with accordance to their sources as dead loads, live loads and environmental loads.

Dead loads are loads from structural members of the structure and other materials or finishes attached to it.

Live loads these are loads generated due to the use of the structure such as people, imported furniture, machine and vehicles.

Environmental loads theses are loads from surroundings around the structure such as wind, snow and earthquakes

Different loads types have different way to measure or estimate its magnitude, loads that structures carry from structural members which can be expressed as point load (Newton, N) or distributed load (Newton /meter, N/m) can be calculated as shown in examples below.

From

Mass = Volume x Density

Mass = Cross sectional area x Length x Density

Weight = Mass x acceleration due gravity

Weight = Cross sectional Area x Length x Density x Acceleration due to gravity

Example 1

If you are required to determine the load from the concrete beam made of concrete of density 2300 kg/m3 with the depth of 350 mm and breadth of 200mm, having a span of 3.5m.





Solution

As point load

Weight of the concrete beam = Cross sectional Area x Length x Density x Acceleration due to        

                                                    Gravity

                                                 = 0.35 x 0.2 x 3.5 x 2300 x 9.81

                                                 =5768.28N

This load can also expressed as distributed loads (N/m) by dividing the weight to the length of the structural member.

                                                 = 5768.28/3.5

                                                 =1648.08N/m

For full document you can download it by clicking a button below.

Click Here to download


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

HOW TO FIND THE MEAN GIRTH OF THE SIMPLE BUILDING

-
Image
Mean girth of building , this is the centerline perimeter or circumference of the building, which describes length of the building. The following text show how to find the mean girth of simple building plan shown below for superstructure walling which can help in quantity determination of different materials to be applied for paint work, plaster work, blocks or brick work. Important Terms 1. External Dimensions.   These are dimensions measured from      external surface of the building's walls, these always show the extent of building on plot. 2. Internal Dimensions. These are dimensions measured from internal surfaces of the building walls, these always show sizes of rooms. 3. Corner. These are interconnection or points where two non colinear walls meet. 4. Recesses. There are the partition or adjoining walls which forms rooms or which were not considered in exterior girth of building determination. Timesing Dim
Read more

HOW TO CALCULATE AMOUNT OF MORTAR PER S.Q.M FOR BLOCK WALL

-
Image
HOW TO CALCULATE AMOUNT OF  MORTAR  PER S.Q.M FOR BLOCK WALL The amount of cement paste required as mortar per square meter can be calculated through the following steps 1.       Knowing the dimension of the blocks to be used for construction. Here, let’s say we use the cement concrete block of size 150 x230 x450 where by 150 s the thickness of the wall. These dimension s (all dimension are in mm) help to find the area of one block forming wall surface as follows Area of one block = 230 x 450                              = 103,500mm 2 2.        Knowing the new dimension of blocks with cement mortar. New dimension of concrete block means the height and length of a block with the thickness of mortar which is 15m, then the new height id 245mm and new length is 265mm From these new dimensions we can get new area of one cement concrete block as follows Area of one block = 245 x 465                              = 113,925mm 2                              =1.14 x
Read more

HOW TO CALCULATE THE NUMBER OF BLOCKS REQUIRED FOR WALLING

-
Image
The number of blocks required for wall can be calculated from the area of the wall which will be constructed by the block of certain size. The mean girth of the simple obtained as calculated from previous post is 28.85m The common (standard) size of the conc. block is 150 x 230 x 450; the wall length (mean girth) of building is multiplied by the height of the walls to find the total  surface area of wall, for a wall of height 2.8m with the opening as shown in the table below The table below shows windows and doors schedule for doors and windows used   Schedule for windows used PORTIONS WIDTH(m) HEIGHT(m) NUMBER(m) AREA(m 2 ) A 1.50 1.50 3 6.75 B 1.50 1.50 2 4.50 C 0.7 0.7 1 0.49 1.00 1.50 1 1.50 D 1.50 1.50 1 2.25 1.00 1.50 1 1.50 Total Area of All Windows
Read more