INTRODUCTION LOADS ESTIMATION...PART ONE

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LOADS ESTIMATION



In construction industry, structures such as dams, buildings, Retain walls, roads, railways and bridges are constructed to carry or support loads.

So in any construction, the magnitude of the loads expected must be pre-determined, loads that structures are subjected to can be classified with accordance to their sources as dead loads, live loads and environmental loads.

Dead loads are loads from structural members of the structure and other materials or finishes attached to it.

Live loads these are loads generated due to the use of the structure such as people, imported furniture, machine and vehicles.

Environmental loads theses are loads from surroundings around the structure such as wind, snow and earthquakes

Different loads types have different way to measure or estimate its magnitude, loads that structures carry from structural members which can be expressed as point load (Newton, N) or distributed load (Newton /meter, N/m) can be calculated as shown in examples below.

From

Mass = Volume x Density

Mass = Cross sectional area x Length x Density

Weight = Mass x acceleration due gravity

Weight = Cross sectional Area x Length x Density x Acceleration due to gravity

Example 1

If you are required to determine the load from the concrete beam made of concrete of density 2300 kg/m3 with the depth of 350 mm and breadth of 200mm, having a span of 3.5m.





Solution

As point load

Weight of the concrete beam = Cross sectional Area x Length x Density x Acceleration due to        

                                                    Gravity

                                                 = 0.35 x 0.2 x 3.5 x 2300 x 9.81

                                                 =5768.28N

This load can also expressed as distributed loads (N/m) by dividing the weight to the length of the structural member.

                                                 = 5768.28/3.5

                                                 =1648.08N/m

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